In this article we will solve exercises on the equation of the circle which exemplify how to find said equation given prior information about the circle. For example, given the center, radius, diameter, points of intersection with the axes, tangency to the axes, etc. Also, we will deal with cases where given the equation of the circle we need to extract precise information about it such as its center, radius, points of intersection with the axes, tangency, etc.
The following solved exercises will help us deepen our understanding of the elements of the circle and will test our knowledge about it.
Write the equation of the circle with the center
and radius 
1. We substitute the data into the standard equation of the circle:

where:
are the coordinates of the center and
is the radius.
2. We expand the powers and obtain:



Write the equation of the circle with the center
and radius 
1. We substitute the data into the standard equation of the circle:

where:
are the coordinates of the center and
is the radius.
2. We expand the powers and obtain:



Write the equation of the circle with the center
and radius 
1. We substitute the data into the standard equation of the circle:

where:
are the coordinates of the center and
is the radius.
2. We expand the powers and obtain:



Write the equation of the circle with the center
and diameter 
1. We substitute the data into the standard equation of the circle:

where:
are the coordinates of the center and
is the radius.
2. We expand the powers and obtain:



Calculate the equation of the circle whose center is at
and passes through the point 
1. We substitute the data into the standard equation of the circle:

where:
are the coordinates of the center and
is the radius.
2. We substitute, expand the powers and obtain the radius:

3. We substitute the value of the radius and the center, expand the powers and obtain:



Calculate the equation of the circle whose center is at
and is tangent to the
axis
1. Since the circle is tangent to the
axis, then the radius equals the distance from the center to the
axis. Therefore, 
2. We substitute the value of the radius and the center into the general equation of the circle, expand the powers and obtain:



Calculate the equation of the circle whose center is at
and is tangent to the
axis
1. Since the circle is tangent to the
axis, then the radius equals the distance from the center to the
axis. Therefore, 
2. We substitute the value of the radius and the center into the general equation of the circle, expand the powers and obtain:



Calculate the equation of the circle whose center is at
and is tangent to the horizontal line 
1. Since the circle is tangent to the line
, then the radius equals the distance from the center to said tangent line. Therefore, 
2. We substitute the value of the radius and the center into the general equation of the circle, expand the powers and obtain:



Calculate the equation of the circle whose center is at
and is tangent to the vertical line 
1. Since the circle is tangent to the line
, then the radius equals the distance from the center to said tangent line. Therefore, 
2. We substitute the value of the radius and the center into the general equation of the circle, expand the powers and obtain:



Calculate the equation of the circle that has a diameter with endpoints
and 
1. Since we know the endpoints of the diameter, then the midpoint is the center of the circle:

2. To find the radius, we substitute the value of the center and one of the endpoints of the diameter into the general equation of the circle:

3. We substitute the value of the radius and the center into the general equation of the circle, expand the powers and obtain:



Given the circle with equation
, find the center and radius.
1. We rewrite the equation ordering the
and
and complete the perfect square trinomials:

2. We factor the perfect square trinomials:

y 
Determine the coordinates of the center and radius of the circles:
A 
B 
C 
D 
A 
We rewrite the equation in its standard form:

y 
B 
y 
Since
is imaginary, it is not a real circle.
C 
Dividing by 4 and rewriting the equation in standard form:


y 
D 
Dividing by 4 and rewriting the equation in standard form:


y 
Calculate the equation of the circle whose center is at
and is tangent to the x-axis
1. We graph the circle with the given data:

2. From the graph we can deduce that:



Calculate the equation of the circle whose center is at
and is tangent to the y-axis
1. We graph the circle with the given data:

2. From the graph we can deduce that:



Calculate the equation of the circle whose center is at the intersection point of the lines
,
, and whose radius equals 
1. We set up a system of equations with the given lines; the solution of the system corresponds to the center of the circle:

2. We substitute
and
into the standard form:



Find the equation of the circle concentric with the equation
, and that passes through the point 
1. Since they are concentric they have the same center:

2. We calculate the center of the circle
:


3. To calculate the radius we calculate the distance from
to 

4. We substitute the center and radius into the standard form:


Find the equation of the circle whose center is at point
and is tangent to the line: 
1. The radius is calculated with the distance from point
to the line
:

2. We substitute
and
into the standard form:



Find the equation of the circle that passes through the points 
1. Considering the general equation of a circle as
, we substitute the given points and construct a system of equations:

2. We solve the system of equations and substitute into the general form considered:


Find the equation of the circle circumscribed to the triangle with vertices: 

1. Considering that the vertices of the triangle are points through which the circle passes, we can consider the equation of the circle as
and substitute the given points:

2. We solve the system of equations and substitute into the general form considered:



Find the equation of the circle that passes through points
and
and has its center on the line: 

1. Let's consider that point
is the center of the circle and is on the line
; we can set up the system:

2. From the first 2 equations we obtain:

3. Solving the system:


Calculate the equation of the circle that passes through point
, whose radius is
and whose center lies on the bisector of the first and third quadrants

1. Let's consider that point
is the center of the circle; moreover, the bisector of the first and third quadrants is the line
:





2. We obtain 2 solutions for
:

3. For
:





4. For
:




The endpoints of the diameter of a circle are points
and
. What is the equation of this circle?

1. The radius of the circle will be half the distance between points
and
:

2. The center of the circle will be at the midpoint between points
and
:

3. We obtain the coefficients
and
for the form
:



Find the equation of the circle concentric with the circle
that is tangent to the line 

1. We obtain the center of the circle with coordinates
:


2. The radius will be the distance between
and the line
:

3. We obtain the coefficients
and
for the form
:


Calculate the relative position of the circle
and the line 

1. We set up a system of equations between the equation of the circle and the equation of the line to find their intersections:






Since there are two points of intersection, we can say that the line and the circle are secant.
Study the relative position of the circle
with the lines:
A 
B 
C 
A 

We set up a system of equations between the equation of the circle and the equation of the line to find their intersections:




Since there are two points of intersection, we can say that the line and the circle are secant.
B 

We set up a system of equations between the equation of the circle and the equation of the line to find their intersections:



Since there is only one point of intersection between the circle and the line, we can say they are tangent.
C 

We set up a system of equations between the equation of the circle and the equation of the line to find their intersections:



Since there are no points of intersection between the line and the circle, we can say they are exterior.
Summarize with AI:
