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Fundamental Trigonometric Identities

1 Relationship between sine and cosine

2 Relationship between secant and tangent

3 Relationship between cosecant and cotangent

4 Reciprocal trigonometric functions

Examples of Exercises with Fundamental Trigonometric Identities

1

Knowing that , and that 180° < < 270°, calculate the remaining trigonometric ratios of angle

Solution

Let's obtain the other trigonometric functions evaluated at this angle. We'll start with since we can obtain it directly from

 

 

However, note that for the quadrant (or range) where is defined, it holds that

, therefore, we have


Now we can obtain

 

Let's obtain and from this . Just like with , sine is negative for the quadrant in which is defined, so

 

 

So we've obtained , now note that

 

 

Finally, let's obtain

 

2

Knowing that , and that 90° < < 180°, calculate the remaining trigonometric ratios of angle

Solution

Let's obtain the other trigonometric functions evaluated at this angle. We'll start with since we can obtain it directly

 

 

Now we can obtain , note that for the interval where is defined, cosine is negative, so

 

 

Since we have cosine, we can obtain directly

 

 

We only need to obtain tangent and cotangent, which we get from sine and cosine

 

 

Trigonometric Ratios for Sum and Difference of Angles

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Examples of Exercises with Sum and Difference of Angles

1

Solution

To solve this exercise, we will express our angle as the sum of two specific angles, in order to use the trigonometric function formulas applied to the sum and difference of angles.

 

2

Solution

To solve this exercise, we will express our angle as the sum of two specific angles, in order to use the trigonometric function formulas applied to the sum and difference of angles.

 

3

Solution

To solve this exercise, we will express our angle as the sum of two specific angles, in order to use the trigonometric function formulas applied to the sum and difference of angles.

 

Trigonometric Ratios for Double Angles

1.

2.

3.

Examples of Exercises with Double Angles

1

Solution

To solve this exercise, we will first find half of the given angle and then use the corresponding double-angle trigonometric function formula.

 

2

Solution

To solve this exercise, we will first find half of the given angle and then use the corresponding double-angle trigonometric function formula.

 

3

Solution

To solve this exercise, we will first find half of the given angle and then use the corresponding double-angle trigonometric function formula.

 

Trigonometric Ratios for Half Angles

1.

2.

3.

Examples of Half-Angle Exercises

1

Solution

To solve this exercise, we will first find twice the given angle and then apply the formula corresponding to the given trigonometric function. Note that, due to the quadrant where the angle lies, the sine value will be positive.

 

2

Solution

To solve this exercise, we will first find twice the given angle and then apply the formula corresponding to the given trigonometric function. Note that, due to the quadrant where the angle lies, the cosine value will be positive.

 

3

Solution

To solve this exercise, we will first find twice the given angle and then apply the formula corresponding to the given trigonometric function. Note that, due to the quadrant where the angle lies, the tangent value will be positive.

 

Transformation of Operations

Transformations of Sums into Products

1.

2.

3.

4.

Examples of Transformations of Sums into Products

In the following exercises we will not write the value of the sum, or difference, of the sum of the trigonometric functions, we will simply transform it into a product of other trigonometric functions, according to the formula that should be applied.

1

Solution

2

Solution

3

Solution

4

Solution

Transformations of Products into Sums

1.

2.

3.

4.

Examples of Transformations of Products into Sums

In the following exercises we will not write the value of the multiplication of the trigonometric functions, we will simply transform it into the sum, or difference, of other trigonometric functions, according to the formula that should be applied.

1

Solution

2

Solution

3

Solution

4

Solution

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Agostina Babbo

Agostina Babbo is an English and Italian to Spanish translator and writer, specializing in product localization, legal content for tech, and team sports—particularly handball and e-sports. With a degree in Public Translation from the University of Buenos Aires and a Master's in Translation and New Technologies from ISTRAD/Universidad de Madrid, she brings both linguistic expertise and technical insight to her work.